The culture of the city of Cairo, Egypt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The way of life of the city of Cairo, Egypt - Essay Example Cairo is the biggest city in Africa and one of the most thickly populated social focal point of the region.It is popular for its closeness with the world celebrated pyramids of Giza and Great Sphinx. Cairo has gotten its cutting edge name from the Arabic name 'Al-Qahira. In nearby vernacular, it is additionally called Masr. Legacy Sites Memphis was the old city situated at 20 kilometer toward the south of Cairo, which was established by the pharaoh Menes in 3000 BC. Cairo gets its legacy from Memphis as it stayed most significant city during those days having situated at the mouth of Nile Delta.The remains of the Memphis tell about its brilliant past and they have been saved since 1979 as a World Heritage Site. Legacy destinations, for example, Saqqara (Sakkara) Pyramids, Mosque of Ibn Tulun, Khan Al-Khalili, Egyptian Antiquities Museum, Citadel (Al-Qalaa) and a lot more in Cairo display rich legacy and social pride of the spot. Entryways known as strength were the pride of antiquate d Cairo. They guarded the nation from the foes. It additionally used to fill the need of Source: http://www.touregypt.net/historicalessays/cairogates.htm organization. Just occupants of Cairo were permitted to enter the entryways. In 1087, the three entryways Bab El Fetouh, Bab Zuweila and Bab El Nasr were to worked by Badr El Gamali, the sovereign of armed forces. The Egyptian Museum The Egyptian Museum is situated at Tahrir square in Cairo. Worked in 1897 during the rule of Khedive Abbass Helmi II, it has 107 lobbies. The ground floor is loaded with gigantic sculptures. Mummies and Tutankhamon treasures are arranged in first floors. The gallery is partitioned into a few areas. Old Kingdom landmarks and pre-tradition stuff are housed at second floor. Center Kingdom landmarks are situated in third area. Landmarks of the Modern Kingdom are housed in the fourth segment. Landmarks of the Greek and Roman time frames are positioned at fifth area. Coins and papyrus are set at 6th area. Th e seventh area is dedicated to stone coffins. The burial chamber of Tutankhamun was found by Howard Carter. It took just about 10 years to complete removal occupation to release this burial place. Maybe, the most captivating gathering of ancient rarities that are accessible anyplace on the planet is supposed to be related with the revelation of King Tutankhamun's burial place. Tutankhamun is said to have managed Egypt somewhere close to 1334 and 1325 BC. The burial chamber is housed in the storm cellar of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. In excess of a million sightseers visit the historical center every year other than neighborhood Egyptians. (The Egyptian Museum†¦) Heliopolis The antiquated site of Heliopolis is arranged toward the northeastern side of more noteworthy Cairo in an area called Matariya. It is one of the three old urban areas of old Egypt after Memphis and Thebes. Heliopolis called the 'City of the Sun' in Greek is currently to a great extent encompassed by suburbi a of Cairo. It lay inland toward the west side of the stream Nile. It is said that it was popular for its learning communities and well known sanctuaries, which proceeded in any event, during Graceo-Roman occasions. The city got devastated during 525 BCE and 343 BCE because of Persian attack despite the fact that its old notoriety and structures draw in visitors till date. (Heliopolis†¦) The Citadel The Citadel is generally famous among non-pharaonic landmarks. It houses historical centers, mosques and is one of the most intriguing landmarks on Cairo’s horizon. When seen from Source: http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/citadel.htm the north side, it uncovers its actual medieval fabulousness. The region was known for its cool wind. Saladin fabricated the territory to protect themselves from the aggressors in light of the fact that the region had a key favorable position of sitting above Cairo. Actually, Saladin had executed his local custom of Syria where every town w as constructed like post to shield the nearby ruler. The development was round towers with the goal that it could be utilized to flank fire on the individuals who attempt to scale the dividers. The bastion dividers were made 10 ft thick and 30 feet high. After Saladin a few rulers strengthened the structure of fortress. (The Citadel in

Relative and Radiometric Dating

Two general procedures used to make sense of the period of rocks is relative dating and radiometric dating. We will look into the qualities and shortcomings of the two techniques. As indicated by Lutgens and Tarbuck, Relative dating is the procedure in placing occasions in their appropriate arrangement. Relative dating depends on presumption, not ready to give a precise date but rather an expected timeframe where the stone began from. A Danish researcher, Nicolaus Steno is licensed for the Law of Superposition. This law fundamentally discloses to us that each layer of sedimentary stone is more youthful than the one underneath it which is portrayed in figure 8. in the content. Steno is additionally certify for the Principle of Original Horizontality. The standard is appeared in figure 8. 4 in the content demonstrating rocks exacerbating with dregs raising in stature that have not been upset by geographical unsettling influences. Another relative dating process is the Principle of Cros s-Cutting Relationships. This happens when shortcomings constrain themselves through more seasoned rocks. This implies the issues or embankments have entered layers of silt that were saved some time before the interruption. By actualizing these hypotheses and procedures, we can accept a timeframe in the Earth’s history where these stones start from. Notwithstanding, this is a supposition and not a particular time as appeared in figure 8. 10. Radiometric dating is the way toward evaluating the period of rocks from the rot of radioactive components inside the stone example. This procedure uses radioactive isotopes to date volcanic rocks. These radioactive isotopes have a particular number of iotas that current themselves unsteady. These particles will definitely rot through a progression of advancements. We will accept Uranium as model. Uranium will eventually rot into the steady component lead. The dad component being the Uranium and the final product making the girl component lead. Radioisotope dating is utilized to date volcanic rocks that have cooled from their liquid stage. it is accepted that all little girl components have gotten away through the huge warmth. Once cooled, no components will get away from dependent on supposition. If components do get away, is through radioactive rot. As indicated by Lutgens and Tarbuck, The rot rate that happens is estimated in Half Life. This is the period of time that one portion of the rest of the iotas to rot. This can be estimated in a lab by finding the rot rate and tallying time in reverse to discover the age of the stone example. Relative dating and radiometric dating have numerous qualities yet additionally numerous shortcomings. Relative dating gives a general time span where the stone exists while Radiometric dating has a logical equation to give a progressively precise record on where the stone started from. Be that as it may, it is sheltered to assume that the two procedures depend on suspicion and not exacting logical certainty.

English as a Second Language Tests and Admission COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

English as a Second Language Tests and Admission COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog First let me say from a personal standpoint that I admire anyone who is able to communicate at a high level in more than one language.   Mastering a second language is certainly a huge achievement.   My wife speaks three languages very well and each time she rapidly transitions from one language to another it makes my head spin.   And she types all three languages well even on an English keyboard with no foreign language characters.   Shes my hero. Half the time when I try to speak a bit of Korean I end up speaking broken Spanish, and when I try to speak Spanish broken Korean comes out.   I am convinced that my Latin American apartment neighbors think I am crazy because half the time when I try to say hello, Korean comes out instead of Spanish. Mastery of English is very important to the Admissions Committee at SIPA due to the rigorous and fast paced nature of our curriculum.   I thought I would provide a bit of insight into how the Admissions Committee views English test reports submitted by applicants that do not speak English as a native language. SIPA will accept three tests that measure the ability to communicate in English:   TOEFL, IELTS, and a test administered at Columbia University called the English Certification Test (this test must be taken on our campus).   Scores can be divided into three categories. Category 1: We cannot offer admission based on the score regardless of how impressive the rest of an application may be. Category 2: We can offer provisional admission (only for the fall cycle).   Candidates offered provisional admission must enroll in a mandatory, three week, intensive English course hosted at SIPA in the summer. Category 3: We can offer unconditional admission. For categories 2 and 3, applicants must of course not only score at high level on the English exam, but must also put together a compelling application in all other regards. We do have minimum scores for admission and they are: TOEFL iBT: 100 TOEFL Computer: 250 TOEFL Paper: 600 IELTS: 7 ECT: 7A We can offer admission to candidates that achieve these scores, the offer will be provisional however if the scores fall within the following range: TOEFL iBT: 100 109 TOEFL Computer: 250 267 TOEFL Paper: 600 633 IELTS: 7 -7.5 ECT: 7A 8A And finally, we can offer unconditional admission to candidates that achieve the following scores: TOEFL iBT: 110 and above TOEFL Computer: 270 and above TOEFL Paper: 637 and above IELTS: 8 and above ECT: 8B or above In all cases scores must be less than two years old.   We do not require official test reports to consider candidates for admission.   Candidates can self report test scores on the application Web site all the way up to the Admission Deadline.   Therefore, if you take a test at a late date, as long as you can log in to the application site prior to the deadline to submit the scores achieved, the scores will be accepted for consideration.   Only candidates that are offered admission will then later be asked to submit official test scores for the permanent academic record. We do recommend that you list our code when taking the TOEFL.   Our TOEFL test code is 2161.

Utilitarianism vs. Kantianism Essay - 1363 Words

Utilitarianism vs. Kantianism Ethics can be defined as the conscious reflection on our moral beliefs with the aim of improving, extending or refining those beliefs in some way. (Dodds, Lecture 2) Kantian moral theory and Utilitarianism are two theories that attempt to answer the ethical nature of human beings. This paper will attempt to explain how and why Kantian moral theory and Utilitarianism differ as well as discuss why I believe Kants theory provides a more plausible account of ethics. Immanuel Kants deonotological ethical theory assesses if actions are moral based on the persons will or intention of acting. Kants theory can be categorized as a deonotological because actions are not assessed to be morally†¦show more content†¦The maxim has to be consistent and able to be applied to every situation, for every person. The other main point of Kantian moral theories are the differences between imperfect and perfect duties. Perfect duties are those duties that one must always perform in a particular situation, whereas imperfect duties are those that one must perform only when the situation arises. Utilitarianism is another theory in which its main objective is to explain the nature of ethics and morality. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory which is based upon utility, or doing that which produces the greatest happiness. According to a utilitarian the morality of act is found just if the consequence produces the greatest overall utility for everyone. However, if the greatest possible utility is not produced, the action is then morally wrong. This view says that a person should act as to produce the greatest overall happiness and pleasure for everyone who may be directly or indirectly affected by the action. Therefore, a utilitarian would require that for every action the corresponding consequences for every action should be thoroughly weighed and alternatives proposed before deciding whether or not to perform such an action. Kantian moral theory and Utilitarianism are similar in the respect that they both attempt to explain how one can goShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia: Kantianism vs Utilitarianism1599 Words   |  7 Pageson John Stuart Mill s Utilitarianism ethical theory, and Immanuel Kant s Categorical Imperative ethical theory. According to Utilitarianism, euthanasia can be morally justified, whereas according to Kantianism, euthanasia is not morally justifiable; but I will argue that neither position provides an adequate resolution to the issue, due to the significant flaws that are inherent in the reasoning that led to their particular positions. According to Utilitarianism, ethics is primarily anRead MoreThe Moral Aspects Of Utilitarianism1619 Words   |  7 PagesArthur Owen Williams greatly influenced philosophical ethics through several studies on the moral aspects of Utilitarianism. His complex thinking and theories, along with his unique approach, gave him a great amount of recognition towards other theorists in his field. He expressed the majority of his beliefs through his writings in which he stressed his critiques of Utilitarianism and Kantianism and emphasized the importance of moral rational. His study of both external and internal reasoning helpedRead MoreThe Moral Principles Which Control An Individual s Behaviour1820 Words   |  8 Pagesspecific scenario, seeing how both perspectives differ and deciding which one is better in the given scenario. Utilitarianism is the theory in normative ethics that believes the best action is the one which provides the most happiness. This is known as the Greatest Happiness Principle, the belief that the less pain an act produces, the more morally praiseworthy that action will be. Kantianism on the other hand is the belief of Emmanuel Kant, asserting that the act itself is more important than the consequencesRead MoreUtilitarianism Facing Abortion4725 Words   |  19 PagesUtilitarianism Facing Abortion MBA 6277 Table of Contents Abstraction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Ethical Principals and Methodologies †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Utilitarism †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Types †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Consequences †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Statistics †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Read MoreAffirmative Action: Equality for All? Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscrimination is wrong and we should all have equal opportunities in a color-blind society but then gives opportunities solely based on race. Affirmative action is unethical and this idea is supported by moral philosophy subjects such as Kantianism, Utilitarianism, Social Contract, and Virtue Theory. Arguments against affirmative action are that it: creates reverse discrimination, lowers standards for minorities, and demeans true minority achievement. Arguments supporting affirmative action areRead MoreInternet Banking3249 Words   |  13 PagesInternet Banking (with examples from Developed vs Developing Countries) Presented to: Bert Lind Presented by: Group No.1 †¢ S101417 Shahid Javed †¢ S104503 Mumtaz Ali †¢ S104451 Asif Iqbal †¢ S101291 Mm Mudassar †¢ S101659 Muhammad Shahzad Abstract We have discussed internet banking and security issues. Then we have given comparison of internet banking in developed countries and developing countries on the basis of security and infrastructure issues. Examples of banks are given from Pakistan (HSBC) andRead MoreThe Ethics Of File Sharing1378 Words   |  6 Pagesthe increasing amount of internet usage. (3) On further study via surveying usage, riskiness, and preferences of media, people told an activity is likely to get caught doing and has a large fine is 7% likely to continue performing. This statistic is vs 75% likely to continue performing illegal acts if low risk of getting caught and low fines. (3) Using this information, increasing estimated risk and increasing actual fines will have a great reduction in piracy (3). To do that, high schools and colleges

The Persecution Of The Jewish People - 1105 Words

There is masses of historical debate surrounding the progression of Jewish persecution by the Nazis, this often fuelled by ‘intentionalists’, who believe Genocide was indeed the intention of one man from the beginning, rather than the theories of the ‘moderate functionalists ‘, that reason that the persecution of the Jewish people was a progression of radical policy ,of an entire group of people, due to the perceived failings of the Nazis previous racial policies. Section 2 Introduction - Nazi Regime began in 1933 when Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany - 6 million Jews had been killed by the end of the Nazi regime - Both Intentionalists and Functionalists have there valid scholarly and ethical points - Notable†¦show more content†¦Existed throughout European nations for centuries. Rulers placed legislation and restrictions on the Jewish community previously (E.g. Napoleon) - Memoirs written by Hitler while serving prison time for treason â€Å"The personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil assumes the living shape of the Jew. â€Å"(Adolf Hitler – Mein Kampf ) - Racial Purity and spatial expansion became the core values of Hitler’s Party and Regime - April 1 1933- Nationwide boycott of Jewish owned businesses - September 15 1935 - Nuremberg Laws are instituted ( Jews classed as second class humans - revoked political rights → marriage and sexual relations between Germans and Jews made illegal). - November 9, 1938 ‘ Kristallnacht’ (night of broken glass) Nationwide program, set in motion by Joseph Goebells Speech in response to Killing of German Propaganda minister by Young Jew in Paris. Sees homes, businesses and synagogues stormed and at least 91 Jewish peopke killed and 30,000 arrested. - Saw the beginning of Expulsion and Ghettonisation of the Jewish community, transporting masses of Jews out of Germany to occupied territory. - The series of events surrounding the persecution of the Jewish people shows strong lack of organisation and planning by Hitler and the Nazi party in how to approach their ‘Jewish

African American art Free Essays

NNamdi Collection of African- American Art is composed of musical art, literary works and other artistic works that expressed African American ideas for freedom. To speak of African American evoked many negative ideas during the human rights activism against slavery. Such ideas as post colonialism, transnational, ethnicity, race and racism, Black Nationalism and many other terms emerged during this period. We will write a custom essay sample on African American art or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to Tololyan, 1996, the African Diaspora, as African Americans were referred to, became the paradigmatic case towards the end of the 20th century. The continued experience of the racial experience became crucial in the emergence of transnational identities of the African Americans due to their background as sons and daughters of slaves. The emergence of music as an art of expressing grievances by the African Americans in the 20th century has a relationship with the emergence of African American sensibilities. An essay, Travelling Music and musicians, the author explores the globalization of African Americans plights using music with special; focus on the exchange between African America, Europe, and the Black combined in the opposition to racial subjugation. The racial tribulations faced by the blacks brought the idea of unified black musical ethos. This consequently brought the forging of collective identity through opposition to common enemy. This brought out the ease with which the complexities of the African Americans dissolved into a binary opposition between Blacks and whites. According to Faye Harrison (1998: 617), the construct has become nearly impossible to uproot, even though currently there is an increasing multicolored and multicultural society where racial barriers are continuously sealed with interracial marriage. The contest is still on the whiteness or blackness of an individual. Faye continue to state that the unending structural quality of racism with its set of economic political, ideological as well as color hierarchies continuously places blacks at the bottom of the ladder and this consequently is the cause of ultimate contest that reinforces the tendency of binarism. Claims of ‘Africanness’ as idealized and articulated through music is more or less similar to the nationalists’ assertions of an opposite political valence in the 20th century (Potter 1998). According to Pamela Potter, German sense of superiority in music was principally used to uphold the racial superiority ideologies. According to her study, she revealed that claims of music’s attachments to the collective attachments to people’s characters ca never be separated from the political and historical use to which such claims are upheld. African America’s literature is celebrated musically, spiritually, and emotionally as a sign of remembrance to the past role of art in the common struggle against social in justice. It is also important to remember that German National Socialists in the early 20th century too claimed to be musical people, considering their passionate depth and spiritual transcendence through the work of art (Potter 1998: 200-234). Potter clarifies that this should not be used to suggest that African Americans assertions of the centrality of the music can be equated to those of National Socialists, but should be used to underscore the importance of placing the spiritual and emotional dimensions in the context of solid historical as well as social practice. This article therefore links music, cultural identities, historical and political forces, and globalized economies in the 20th century with crucial and larger projects of analyzing the African American musical sensibilities. This rejects the idea of static African American essence of favoring more continuous redefined and negotiated sense of culture that springs up from generation to generation in response larger majority white race. Black Atlantic- Paul Gilroy (1993) In his book, critical Atlantic, Paul Gilroy is critical of the debate on the African American cultural studies and arguing for the centrality of the music for the construction and maintenance of the interethnic identities. Gilroy’s arguments centers on the multiplicity of the cultural flow between the African Americans, Caribbean, Britons, and North Americans. In his work, ships were chosen because of their symbolic middle age passage to invoke and provide his visual image for the transatlantic interaction. However, his continued work dwells in music is significant in making his point. He identifies three principles that regard relationship between race and culture. These three principle positions are: ethnic absolutism, anti-essentialism, and anti-antiessentialism. In his description of positions of black music, he believes that the music is divided between those who see the music as a source of political charge towards enhancing the blackness identity and those who would dispute the existence of such a unifying factor in any political environment. According to his views, anti-essentialism is a social constructionist and ideological view of race that is often ‘insufficiently alive to the lingering power of specifically racialised forms of power and subordination’ (Gilroy 1998: 32). Gilroy expresses his displeasure by describing it as tantamount to forsaking the mass of black people in the societal system of governance. He elaborates his ideology by stating that he takes an exception to the idea that racial identity is simply an ideological effect. For Gilroy, even though he is against the idea of essentialism, race is not an imagined community, something that can be deconstructed so as to neutralize the importance of black homology. The ability of music to link several expressive styles like language, dance and clothing as well as presenting idealized ethical and social sensibilities is central in the symbolic presentation of African American settings. In understanding the spiritual and ethical aspect of the Jazz performance, the combination requires several combination of voice, the ability to play with multiple musical parameters during performance and well as understanding the cultural foundation of the music. This gives the ethical goal of the music that it eventually makes sense such that a particular group of people can identify with. Gilroy argues that this deep sense of belonging is not an escape but deep involvement of the art of music for the African Americans. This provides means of cultural integration with coping strategies for racism. In his book, ‘’Communities Style’’, Veit Erlmann analyses the song ‘The Lion Sleep Tonight’. This song was done by South African Zulu migrant workers lead by Solomon Linda and was recorded at various diasporic locations. Here Erlmann is specifically interested in the way this music was altered as it was revived and re interpreted by a succession of groups like the Weavers in 1952 and the Tokens in 1961. These two groups were all American groups. Other versions came from the collaborations between Ladysmith Black Mambazo and the Mint Juleps in 1990. On all these versions of the song, at stake here was the construction of the African American identity through music. Erlmann described this as ‘Endotropic performance’ to emphasize the interracial construction of identity through similar styles. These forms of identities have emerged under this increasingly globalized social life. He describes this scenario as strange because a persons understanding of him or herself in the social world is no longer coinciding with the widely dispersed locations. Jerome Harris n his essay, ‘Jazz on the Global Stage’ , Jerome Harris provides an insiders analysis of the globalization of Jazz, based on his professional involvement for more than twenty years as a guitarist and bassist on a research he together with promoters, editors, journalists, other musicians and managers. He calls his work‘Ecology of jazz’. This is a web of interrelations between art makers, art users and mediators. Harris provides a very rich portrait of jazz in terms of performance and reception, especially in Europe (Bob Thompson, 1962:221). More importantly is his approach to jazz music as a tool of identity and aesthetic. He asks two main questions, who owns jazz? And what is the appropriate aesthetic for the jazz music. He tries to delineate the tension between African Americans sense of ownership of the music and the increasing participation of the non African Americans both as musicians and consumers. According to his views, he suggests that the reason why many African Americans have believed that they own the origin and aesthetic value of jazz is because of the collective loss of identity that was threatening to dismantle the cohesive black communities in the post-civil rights era. This belief wa also held by many non-African Americans. In his views, Harris identifies two basic principle of coping with the dilemmas of who owns jazz. He chooses the classic dichotomies of tradition/innovation and mainstream/avant-garde. Both sides of his debate is respecting tradition and putting emphases on innovation. While other artists work tend to ward off the outside influence on the jazz music, some emphasizes the importance of accepting the necessary changes that may come with globalization of jazz music as a sign of identity by a particular group of people in their own way (Charles W, 1945: 33). At the end, Harris concludes that the globalization and the hybridization of jazz music pose a painful experience of identity as well as cultural ownership for African Americans. At the same time, he sees it as offering new interesting possibilities when players interact with the rest of the world’s music. Conclusion From the three works of art discussed above on the music as a sign of identity, it is clear that both artists agree that music has been the defining link for cultural identities. In some of the African Americans views on the ownership and identity of the music, it has been grossly affected by the modernization and the globalization of the world where the different aspects of arts have been diluted. This is the conflict between tradition and modernity which has been said to be dominating the debates. In Europe the, the visual art seems to dominate the tribal art category where the sculpture was used to express the feelings of particular social response in the art scene (Alma Thomas et al 1973: 123) These arts explore the popular feelings of the people and to some extent the other group of people does not understand the con text of the grievances when responding to such complains. This was the dilemma of the music as an art in the early years of social uprising in the American society. Here western critics mostly devoted most of their attention to their culture and ways of thinking giving little attention to the expressions of these arts. The American cultural studies has shown emergence of arguments about the centrality of the music for the construction and maintenance of the interethnic identities. Such arguments centers on the multiplicity of the cultural flow between the African Americans, Caribbean, Britons, and North Americans. In most of this art work, ships were chosen due to their symbolic middle age passage to invoke and provide the visual image for the transatlantic interaction. However, most of the works of different artists continued to dwell in passing the message of discomfort. This identifies different principles that regard and guide relationship between different races and culture. Bibliography Tololyan S, 1996: The African Diaspora-An African American perspective, Chicago, Chicago University Press Gilroy P, 1998: critical Atlantic-Movement of art, Martin Puryear, Lever Veit Erlmann, 1993: Communities Style, an art of expression, New York, Captive printers Faye Harrison, 1998: The slum Gardens, Gift of the Sandra and Charles Gilman, Jr. Foundation in memory of Dorothea L. Leonhard Alma Thomas et al, 1973: Red Rose Cantata, Denver, Colorado, acrylic on canvas Charles W, 1945: Mother and Awaiting His Return, New York, Gift of Jacob Kainen How to cite African American art, Papers

The United Arab Emirates

The environments and culture of a country are the major aspects that influence business and people’s readiness to get involved in one. UAE is a unique place that has its own qualities of life and business expectations. The United States is another nation that is very business oriented and the culture of American people is also definitive of organizations. There are differences present between the two but mutual businesses unite environments and cultures for reciprocal beneficial future.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The United Arab Emirates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The culture of a nation or country is the single most important determinant of the environment, in particularly relevant to business. The United Arab Emirates is a multicultural society that revolves around religion, traditional lifestyle and economic development. Within the past decades, the UAE have seen major changes in businesses a nd growth. Even thought there is separation between classes and incomes, most recently, it has been considered the land of opportunity where business will prosper. This has led to a significant increase of migrants, who are developing and contributing to the nation. Oil and gas industries have played an influential role in the progress that has taken place. This resulted in the rise of many projects within the EAU, including infrastructure, residential construction, education and manufacture. The establishment of companies involved in sales and services created opportunities for business to move into the region and expand their success. The communication systems and internet have aided in the coordination of businesses and people’s involvement in small companies and corporations. The environment has become very efficient for opening and operating in the UAE. Because the soil for development is becoming very rich with possibilities, the economy is estimated to grow with an inc rease in GDP of up to ten to twelve per cent. This would lead to as much as thirty to forty billion US dollars extra, in comparison to previous years. Tourism, shopping and the culture itself are very alluring to people and potential businesses. The federal capital Abu Dhabi, alone outputs over 90 per cent of all oil in the country and 9 per cent is thought to be a stable reserve in the whole world (Doing business with the United Arab Emirates, 2006). Security and stability of the environment have been at a constant increase, as the government is becoming more tolerant and has been implementing policies that help for businesses to be successful. An example would be the taxation system and allowance for specific â€Å"zones† where ownership and operation is fully given to the owner of the land. The government welcomes new businesses and has lowered tariffs on the imported goods. The system and administration also protect any investments and ideas, such as trademarks and intell ectual property. At the same time, the government has designated for a portion of the profits to be contributed to the budget and development of the local economy (The report: Dubai 2008, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The benefits of the general environment and the conditions that the government offers create a strong foundation for business and further expansion. The constitutional rights and laws that are centered on proper regulation of the society help businesses to prosper. The government has made its regulation one of the major benefits, as it provides the necessary transportation, production, communication and property distribution (Doing business with the United Arab Emirates, 2006). The United States have greatly contributed to the growth in the United Arad Emirates, as the cooperation within the oil industry is very beneficial for both sides. EAU governmen t welcomes any international partners and has close relations with the United States. The environment in the US has also been well conditioned for businesses. The infrastructure and cooperation within many political and economical divisions has been the goal of the past several years and the government works closely with society to adhere to the highest standards. The ability to open a private company without any danger in relation to illegal activity from administration forces and local authorities has given rise to development. Establishment of joint ventures and other partnerships have allowed for easier export and import transactions. It is estimated that within last fifteen years, international business and specifically those in UAE have increased up to 120 per cent of common profits. Loans given by the government, banks and credit companies have low interest rates which provide healthy environment for business both domestically and internationally. The policy makers have orien ted themselves allow for more opportunities and more cost efficient trade with companies outside the United States (Duncan, 2004). The government has played an important role in the progression of business. The time needed for the preparation and process of documents were largely decreased. The customs have been adjusted to better aid in clearance and technical support, as well as handling of the products and services. It is very much involved in the domestic but also international transportation and handling, in relation to any business. The overall costs and days needed for the transactions have been lowered, so that the businesses have an opportunity to receive significant gain. The environment in the United States is thought to be one of the most beneficial, as there are specific laws that observe and support fair trade. People’s rights are one of the necessary aspects of any business and the authorities make sure that everyone abides by the same rules. This enables indiv iduals and business owners to expect certain things and adjust, as well as predict tendencies beforehand which allows for better control and manipulation of the business.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The United Arab Emirates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Overall, both United Arab Emirates and the United States has very adequate environment for business. Even though the culture, traditions and people’s beliefs are somewhat different, the business world has made cultural borders almost non-existent. As it is always important to know the ethics and details of the nation where business is being carried out, United Arab Emirates has made the conduct very easy and laid back. The only limitations might become problematic during religious times and days but other than that, the business environment is very much westernized. Any interruptions by side deals or misunderstandings are taken as an unavoidable par t and will not be judged harshly. The local politics have been mostly aligned with businesses and the federal system is very welcome to any economic growth supported by domestic and international organizations. Even though the global crisis has had some influence on the conduct of the business, the strong economies of United Arab Emirates and the United States have been able to survive and continue development (Langran, 2007). The business world is very dependent on the environment and cultural specifics of a nation. The society and governments play a crucial role in the establishment and further success of a business. The interconnection of domestic and international factors enables businesses to carry out activities that are closely controlled by local and worldwide ethical standards in the best way. References Doing business with the United Arab Emirates. (2006). London, United Kingdom: GMB Publishing Ltd. Duncan, R. (2004). Transnational America: Contours of modern US culture. C openhagen, Denmark. Museum Tusculanum Press. Langran, R. (2007). Government, business, and the American economy. Maryland, United States: Rowman Littlefield.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The report: Dubai 2008. (2008). Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford Business Group This essay on The United Arab Emirates was written and submitted by user Heaven Vaughn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.